HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS REGISTER		Author Keyword(s) Vol Page [Advanced]

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Correction (v14,p72) Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this link to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Add article to my folders Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Cooper, J B Articles by Taqueti, V R Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Cooper, J B Articles by Taqueti, V R

A brief history of the development of mannequin simulators for clinical education and training

¹ Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
² Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology

Correspondence to:
Dr Jeffrey B Cooper
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street CLN 250, Boston, MA 02114, USA; jcooper{at}partners.org Simulation for medical and healthcare applications, although still in a relatively nascent stage of development, already has a history that can inform the process of further research and dissemination. The development of mannequin simulators used for education, training, and research is reviewed, tracing the motivations, evolution to commercial availability, and efforts toward assessment of efficacy of those for teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cardiology skills, anaesthesia clinical skills, and crisis management. A brief overview of procedural simulators and part-task trainers is also presented, contrasting the two domains and suggesting that a thorough history of the 20+ types of simulator technologies would provide a useful overview and perspective. There has been relatively little cross fertilisation of ideas and methods between the two simulator domains. Enhanced interaction between investigators and integration of simulation technologies would be beneficial for the dissemination of the concepts and their applications.

Abbreviations: ACRM, Anesthesia Crisis Resource Management; ASC, Anesthesia Simulator-Consultant; CASE, Comprehensive Anesthesia Simulation Environment; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CRM, crew resource management; ERCP, endoscopic resection of colonic polyps; GAS, Gainesville Anesthesia Simulator

Keywords: simulation; education; history

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J F Crofts, C Bartlett, D Ellis, C Winter, F Donald, L P Hunt, and T J Draycott Patient-actor perception of care: a comparison of obstetric emergency training using manikins and patient-actors Qual. Saf. Health Care, February 1, 2008; 17(1): 20 - 24. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Dawson Procedural Simulation: A Primer Radiology, October 1, 2006; 241(1): 17 - 25. [Full Text] [PDF]